For God repaid him to his face for this shameful treatment. All of our kindred, inhabitants of the land of Israel, will be scattered and taken as captives from the good land; and the whole land of Israel will be desolate, even Samaria and Jerusalem will be desolate. I performed many acts of charity for my kindred and my people who had gone with me in exile to Nineveh in the land of the Assyrians. by exposure, he like other Jews (Daniel, etc.) For it is better for me to die

Under the next king (Sennacherib) all this was changed, for he not only lost his high office but was deprived of his wealth, and came perilously near to losing his life. Occasionally, phrases or words have been introduced from the Aramaic or Hebrew texts, when they are significantly different. The Book of Tobit, named after its principal character, combines Jewish piety and morality with folklore in a fascinating story that has enjoyed wide popularity in both Jewish and Christian circles. The external evidence proves no more than that Tobit must have been written after 180 BC and before 112 AD. For its gall, heart, and liver are useful as medicine.” Your kindred are good people; you come of good stock. Because he gave alms, Ahikar escaped the fatal trap that Nadab had set for him, but Nadab fell into it himself, and was destroyed. Then they laid him on his bed, and he died; and he received an honorable funeral. The religious teaching of the book might favor this viewpoint to some extent (its tenor is similar to that of Ecclesiasticus), but at the same time the exilic sympathies of the book cannot be doubted. 3 So Tobias went to look for some poor person of our people. The old man is delighted with the guide, whom, however, he first of all carefully examines, and dismisses his son with strict injunctions to observe the Law, to give alms and not to take to wife a non-Jewish (EV "strange") maiden (Tobit 4:3 ff). Serious historical blunders (see above) suggest that the author was removed from this period by a considerable space of time. Recension (2) is represented by Syriac, Coptic (Sahidic), Hebrew, Ethiopic, and Armenian VSS. 16 And when they had heard these things, they were troubled, and being seized with fear they fell upon the ground on their face. 9 So you will be laying up a good treasure for yourself against the day of necessity. Tobias and Sarah, in accordance with Tobit’s advice, leave for Ecabatana. 13 Then Tobias taking of the gall of the fish, anointed his father's eyes. The created order in Tobit is unruly and rises up in opposition to God's righteous characters. 6 So now deal with me as you will; 4 When the parents had gone out and shut the door of the room, Tobias got out of bed and said to Sarah, “Sister, get up, and let us pray and implore our Lord that he grant us mercy and safety.” I will pay your wages, brother.” He answered, “I can go with him and I know all the roads, for I have often gone to Media and have crossed all its plains, and I am familiar with its mountains and all of its roads.” 15 If any man hath done any work for thee, immediately pay him his hire, and let not the wages of thy hired servant stay with thee at all. so that I may be released from the face of the earth and become dust. This last proves that the tale is as old as 400 BC at least. Juive, XLIV, 1902, 288-91, Oxford Apocrypha, "Tobit" (full bibliography). In Judith and Tobit, the Vulgate (Jerome’s Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) is in every respect identical with its translation made by Jerome. 4 So Tobias went out to look for a man to go with him to Media, someone who was acquainted with the way. They sinned against you,

text are generally both available in the standard printed edd. For the position of the book in the Septuagint, Vulgate and English Versions of the Bible, see Judith, 2. It turns out that you are a kinsman, and of good and noble lineage. 16 They shall be cursed that shall despise thee: and they shall be condemned that shall blaspheme thee: and blessed shall they be that shall build thee up. But God's mercy on Tobit and his family guarantees that this mercy will bring the Israelites back to their land. In his last words Tobit reminds Tobias and his grandsons about what Nadab did to Ahikar. The original Hebrew word thus transliterated (Tobhiyah) means "Yahweh is good."

14 You know, O Master, that I am innocent 6 If you turn to him with all your heart and with all your soul, to do what is true before him, A Chaldee Text from a Unique MS. in the Bodleian Library, with Other Rabbinical Texts, English Translations and the Itala, Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform, A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary, The Text in Aramaic, Hebrew, and Old Latin with English Translations.

Before dying, Tobit tells his son to leave Nineveh because God will destroy that wicked city. 15 But when Shalmaneser died, and his son Sennacherib reigned in his place, the highways into Media became unsafe and I could no longer go there. 4:3–19, 21; 12:6–10; 14:7, 9) as well as standard wisdom themes: fidelity to the law, intercessory function of angels, piety toward parents, purity of marriage, reverence for the dead, and the value of almsgiving, prayer, and fasting. And he forthwith leaped up from his place at the table, and left his dinner, and came fasting to the body: The book begins with Tobit or Tobias the Father, an Israelite of the Northern Kingdom deported to Nineveh who suffers blindness. 15 For I am the angel Raphael, one of the seven who stand before the Lord. I have already explained to you how I left him.” 4 For thou must be mindful what and how great perils she suffered for thee in her womb.

about 3,500 British pounds) which he had deposited with one Gabael of Rages. 23 Blessed be the Lord, who hath exalted it, and may he reign over it for ever and ever, Amen. 6 for those who act in accordance with truth will prosper in all their activities. 9 Then Anna ran up to her son and threw her arms around him, saying, “Now that I have seen you, my child, I am ready to die.” And she wept. 1 And they went in to Raguel, and Raguel received them with joy. 16 Then Tobit, rejoicing and praising God, went out to meet his daughter-in-law at the gate of Nineveh. May we never see a son or daughter of yours!”, 10 On that day she was grieved in spirit and wept. 17 Never have I joined myself with them that play: neither have I made myself partaker with them that walk in lightness. I know that this very night she will be given to you in marriage. As God has chastised Tobit, so Israel, suffering in exile, is being chastised. So now, my son, find yourself a trustworthy man to go with you, and we will pay him wages until you return. Among the Dead Sea materials, however, fragments of Tobit in Heb. From now on I am your mother and Sarah is your beloved wife.

16 And returning she brought the good news: and Raguel and Anna his wife blessed the Lord, 9 Then the dog, which had been with them in the way, ran before, and coming as if he had brought the news, shewed his joy by his fawning and wagging his tail.

15 It does not harm her, but it kills anyone who desires to approach her. He was sixty-two years old when he lost his eyesight, and after regaining it he lived in prosperity, giving alms and continually blessing God and acknowledging God’s majesty. 11 Now when Raguel heard this he was afraid, knowing what had happened to those seven husbands, that went in unto her: and he began to fear lest it might happen to him also in like manner: and as he was in suspense, and gave no answer to his petition, 15 And what you hate, do not do to anyone. For I knew Hananiah and Nathan the two sons of Shemeliah, and they used to go with me to Jerusalem and worshiped with me there, and were not led astray. and when thou shalt return, I will pay thee thy hire. In the context of Second Temple Judaism, Tobit’s wisdom discourse is part of an essential avenue for shaping identity and creating a distinct ethos for those outside the land. 8 And immediately anoint his eyes with this gall of the fish, which thou carriest with thee. 16 and I will add something to your wages.” Raphael answered, “I will go with him; so do not fear. The believer is called upon to trust God and live his way. Since the first recension is so much longer than the second, it is arguable that it is a later expansion of the latter. but will again have mercy on the children of the righteous. We shall leave in good health and return to you in good health, because the way is safe.” It is surely not stolen, is it? Take the following as typical: Both lay stress on the efficacy of alms-giving (Tobit 4:11; 12:9; compare Sirach 3:30; 29:12; 40:24). 13 For I see that its iniquity will bring it to destruction. It is probable that Judith and Tobit owe their origin to the same set of circumstances, the persecutions of the Jews by the Syrian party. At these words she went into an upper chamber of her house: and for three days and three nights did neither eat nor drink: 10 But Raguel overheard it and said to the lad, “Eat and drink, and be merry tonight. Ahikar came out into the light, but Nadab went into the eternal darkness, because he tried to kill Ahikar. Biblical Int., VIII, 1899, 50-82, 519-31, rejects R. Harris’ views; Margarete Plath, "Zum Buch Tobit," Stud. Tobias sends Azarias to Media to fetch his money and to bring his father’s friend to the wedding feast. The book is a religious novel characterized as a Hebrew romance and is a captivating narrative. Moreover, the Tigris does not lie on the way from Nineveh to Ecbatana, as Tobit 6 f imply. 11 Raphael said to the young man, “Brother Tobias.” “Here I am,” he answered. 21 And for seven days they feasted and rejoiced all with great joy.

Tobias reported to his father that his journey had been successful, that he had brought the money, that he had married Raguel’s daughter Sarah, and that she was, indeed, on her way there, very near to the gate of Nineveh. 8 Because she had been given to seven husbands, and a devil named Asmodeus had killed them, at their first going in unto her. Asmodeus (Tobit 3:8,17) is the Pets Aesma daeva.

For we have not kept your commandments 12 saying, “Send one of the maids and have her go in to see if he is alive. 20 καὶ διηρπάγη πάντα τὰ ὑπάρχοντά μου, καὶ οὐ κατελείφθη μοι οὐδὲν πλὴν Ἄννας τῆς γυναικός μου καὶ Τωβίου τοῦ υἱοῦ μου. But the two writings have naturally much in common because both were written to express the sentiments of strict Jews living in the 2nd century BC. 21 And there passed not five and fifty days, before two of his sons killed him, and they fled into the mountains of Ararath; and Sarchedonus his son reigned in his stead; who appointed over his father’s accounts, and over all his affairs, Achiacharus my brother Anael’s son. Ἀχιάχαρος δὲ ἦν ὁ οἰνοχόος καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ δακτυλίου καὶ διοικητὴς καὶ ἐκλογιστής, καὶ κατέστησεν αὐτὸν ὁ Σαχερδονὸς ἐκ δευτέρας· ἦν δὲ ἐξάδελφός μου. He replied, “Joyous greetings to you!” But Tobit retorted, “What joy is left for me any more? then he will turn to you and will no longer hide his face from you. 6 And went to Jerusalem to the temple of the Lord, and there adored the Lord God of Israel, offering faithfully all his firstfruits, and his tithes, 16 Give some of your food to the hungry, and some of your clothing to the naked. 15 He therefore went to all that were in captivity, and gave them wholesome admonitions. 12 And when all had said, Amen, they went to the feast: but the marriage feast they celebrated also with the fear of the Lord. 3 I, Tobit, walked in the ways of truth and righteousness all the days of my life.

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