With over 350,000 acres (140,000 ha) under irrigation along the river by 1900[17] – this figure has only grown hugely since then – the river and its tributaries became much narrower, siltier and shallower, with large consequences for the natural environment, for sustainability of water supplies in its valley, and also huge changes for water politics in the state. California Rivers Shown on the Map: Coachella Canal, Colorado River, Eel River, Feather River, Fraint-Kern Canal, Kern River, Kings River, Klamath River, Merced River, Mokelumne River, Owens River, Pit River, Russian River, Sacramento River, Salinas River, San Joaquin River, San Pedro Channel, Santa Barbara Channel, Stanislaus River and Trinity River. The upper 97 mi (156 km) above Friant Dam in the Sierra is characterized as a steep-gradient, rocky mountain stream. The Coast Ranges bound the watershed on the west and borders on the drainages of the Pajaro River, Salinas River and the endorheic Carrizo Plain. Spring is a great time to come here.

[104][105][106] Proponents of the project cite numerous benefits: flood control, increased storage, hydroelectric potential, and capacity to provide a greater flow in the downstream river during the dry season. [162] This prodigious output has earned the basin many names, including the "breadbasket" or "salad bowl" of the United States. The San Joaquin and its tributaries seemed to give rise to just about every single possible argument over water, including such cases as "When is a river not a river?" "[116] Historically, the grasslands and the fringes of the great marshes and lakes provided habitat for large grazing animals including pronghorn, mule deer and the endemic tule elk, as well as predators such as the San Joaquin kit fox; all of these species have seen dramatic population declines as their native habitat has fallen under the plow. In addition, this has caused the river to drop large amounts of silt that formerly washed out to sea in its bed, further reducing the depth.

[134], In late 2012, even though there are still dams in the way of allowing salmon to navigate the entire river, attempts were made to get salmon to lay eggs in the upper portion of the river near Friant Dam. Pretty wild flowers and river view during the spring. The valley is widely considered one of the most productive farming regions in the world,[162] and the top four U.S. counties ranked by agricultural production are all located in the San Joaquin watershed and Tulare Basin.

The smaller pieces of gravel are more easily picked up and moved downstream, leaving behind larger pieces that the salmon are unable to move to bury their eggs in a process called redd construction. It was during one of these expeditions that he gave the river its present name, after St. Joachim.

[67], One of the most powerful early irrigation empires was the Kern County Land and Water Company, established in 1873 by land speculator James Ben Ali Haggin, which grew to supply over 400,000 acres (160,000 ha) through their canal system. People have inhabited the San Joaquin Valley for more than 8,000 years, and it was long one of the major population centers of pre-Columbian California. Also, with the introduction of better technology that allowed farmers to dig deeper wells and install electrical pumps, groundwater was seen as an often cheaper and easily accessible source compared to the river. [88], As early as the 1870s, state and federal agencies were already looking at the Central Valley as an area in need of a large water transport project. [23], The 268 mi (431 km) lower part of the river, in sharp contrast, is a meandering stream flowing over Cenozoic alluvial deposits (66 MYA-present), which together comprise the flat floor of the Central Valley. [98], Even with the presence of Friant and numerous other flood control dams, large floods still caused significant damage along the San Joaquin River all the way through the late 1950s. This significant loss of suitable spawning habitat is due to lack of spawning-sized gravel recruitment from lateral and upstream sources due to the installation of manmade barriers that block this gravel from passing naturally downstream.

[22] The upper 97 mi (156 km) above Friant Dam in the Sierra is characterized as a steep-gradient, rocky mountain stream.

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