Ellsberg approached Nixon's National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger, Senators William Fulbright and George McGovern, and others, but none were interested.[12]. Counterinsurgency: The Kennedy Commitments and Programs, 1961", National Archives and Records Administration, "The Pentagon Papers, Vol. Our next guest, Daniel Ellsberg, became one of the best-known opponents of the Vietnam War in 1971 when he leaked a secret Defense Department study of the war that came to be known as the Pentagon Papers to the country's leading newspapers. You examined it, and you wrote some questions. I voted for Bernie Sanders in the primary, as I did in 2016,” Ellsberg wrote.

I just didn't feel there was any breach of national security, in the sense that we were giving secrets to the enemy. ELLSBERG: Well, many things.

We didn't have these zip, zip, multi-page collators and whatnot machines that they have now or the - of course, the digital capability. Under President Johnson, the U.S. government began waging covert military operations against communist North Vietnam in defense of South Vietnam. In fact, I knew about ten days before the Republican Convention. Photo by Win McNamee/Getty Images. So distressing were these revelations that Nixon authorized unlawful efforts to discredit Ellsberg, including burglarizing the office of Ellsberg’s psychiatrist in an attempt to unearth embarrassing information. "I decided it was worth a life in prison to do that," he says. Before publication, The New York Times sought legal advice. Category 1 – Air raids on major Viet Cong supply centers, conducted simultaneously by the. It wouldn't have occurred to me simply to do something that would put myself in prison for the rest of my life, as I assumed that would do. The release of the Pentagon Papers stirred nationwide and, indeed, international controversy because it occurred after several years of growing dissent over the legal and moral justification of intensifying U.S. actions in Vietnam. In effect, we thought we were trying to save the world, although we weren't very confident we'd be able to do it. All rights reserved. [20] According to The New York Times, this U.S. representative was later identified to be CIA officer Lucien Conein.[21]. And it must have been hard for you to take the step of taking this top-secret document and making it public. In … After the release of the Pentagon Papers, Goldwater said: During the campaign, President Johnson kept reiterating that he would never send American boys to fight in Vietnam. Halperin, who had originally classified the study as secret, obtained most of the unpublished portions under the Freedom of Information Act and the University of Texas published them in 1983. Daniel Ellsberg, who leaked the Pentagon Papers to the media, at a press conference in July of 1971 President Johnson had been outspoken against doing so during the election and claimed that his opponent Barry Goldwater was the one that wanted to bomb North Vietnam.[29]. That was always a myth. Ellsberg surrendered to authorities in Boston, and admitted that he had given the papers to the press: "I felt that as an American citizen, as a responsible citizen, I could no longer cooperate in concealing this information from the American public. And, you know, you had spent many years as a young man, as a real patriot. And I think that if the information had been put out, Congress would not have gone along with that war as they did - just as I'm very sorry to say if I'd put out the information in my safe in the Pentagon about our widening war that was projected in 1964, Senator Wayne Morse, one of the two senators who voted against that widening - the Tonkin Gulf Resolution - told me, if you'd put that out, there would have been no vote in the committee. And in particular, when I came there in 1958 for the summer and then later permanently in 1959, our obsession really was trying to plant our strategic forces in such a way that they couldn't be destroyed in a first strike by the Soviet Union. You took action to disclose government secrets then that you felt the American public needed to know. Examples of actions to be considered were running US naval patrols increasingly close to the North Vietnamese coast and/or [sic] associating them with 34A operations. [15], Daniel Ellsberg knew the leaders of the task force well. The decision to go public with the Pentagon Papers — which detailed a pattern of deception regarding Vietnam and the Vietnam War that spanned several presidential administrations — was a difficult one, according to Ellsberg. Ellsberg was appalled by much of what he found and wishes he'd been able to leak those plans along with the Pentagon Papers. In 1971, Ellsberg leaked the Pentagon Papers to the press in the hope that they would help end the Vietnam War. [11], On May 4, 2011, the National Archives and Records Administration announced that the papers would be declassified and released to the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum in Yorba Linda, California, on June 13, 2011. Trump’s refusal to disavow flagrant racism has underscored his own reliance on it for political support,” Ellsberg said. He said, the words were to incapacitate you totally. I slipped out a couple at a time - took me months to copy it all. Nevertheless, the grand jury investigation was halted, and the publication of the papers was never prosecuted. ELLSBERG: This was a pleasure - very good questions. Police came in and found my son running the Xerox machine. Originally broadcast Dec. 4, 2017. The Director of Central Intelligence, John A. McCone, proposed the following categories of military action: However, McCone did not believe these military actions alone could lead to an escalation of the situation because the "fear of escalation would probably restrain the Communists". I'm not the only one who's called it the worst plan in human history. You can't recall missiles. Below are all possible answers to this clue ordered by its rank.

RHYS: (As Daniel Ellsberg) Well, we were all former government guys - top clearance - all that. After the third daily installment appeared in the Times, the U.S. Department of Justice obtained in U.S. District Court a temporary restraining order against further publication of the classified material, contending that further public dissemination of the material would cause “immediate and irreparable harm” to U.S. national defense interests. As I say, he knew at the time that American boys were going to be sent. I am a patriot, and that has never changed. Otherwise, a decapitating attack, as they call it, an attack on the command and control system, would paralyze us. ELLSBERG: Once they'd gotten an authenticated message that they were to execute the war plans - but the startling thing that I discovered at every level was that the general image that people had then and to this day that a message with the right code could only come from the president himself was never true. In October we cut off aid to Diem in a direct rebuff, giving a green light to the generals. "I wasted years trying to do it through channels, first within the executive branch and then with Congress.". There was relief, but no great rejoicing, in the editorial offices of America's publishers and broadcasters. The study was dubbed The Pentagon Papers during the resulting media publicity. hide caption. Covert ops, guaranteed debt, rigged elections - it's all in there.

Democratic presidential nomination in 1968, Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, The Most Dangerous Man in America: Daniel Ellsberg and the Pentagon Papers, "Vietnam Archive: Pentagon Study Traces 3 Decades of Growing U.S. Involvement", "25 Years Later;Lessons From the Pentagon Papers", "Pentagon Papers Charges Are Dismissed; Judge Byrne Frees Ellsberg and Russo, Assails 'Improper Government Conduct, "After 40 Years, Pentagon Papers Declassified In Full", "COVER STORY: Pentagon Papers: The Secret War", "The Nation: Pentagon Papers: The Secret War", "Draft Memorandum From Secretary of Defense McNamara to President Johnson", "Evolution of the War. We'll continue our conversation after just a short break. His new book is "The Doomsday Machine." In addition, 32,000 men from South Vietnam's Civil Guard were trained by the United States at a cost of US$12.7 million. Thomas Tedford and Dale Herbeck summarized the reaction of editors and journalists at the time: As the press rooms of the Times and the Post began to hum to the lifting of the censorship order, the journalists of America pondered with grave concern the fact that for fifteen days the 'free press' of the nation had been prevented from publishing an important document and for their troubles had been given an inconclusive and uninspiring 'burden-of-proof' decision by a sharply divided Supreme Court. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. DAVIES: You're best known, of course, for leaking the Pentagon Papers, the secret Defense Department study of the Vietnam War. [12][13] which he later denied, though admitting that he should have informed Johnson and Rusk. ELLSBERG: Pardon me. When Gravel's request was reviewed by the U.S. Supreme Court, the Court denied the request to extend this protection to Gravel or Rodberg because the grand jury subpoena served on them related to a third party rather than any act they themselves committed for the preparation of materials later entered into the Congressional Record.

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